Maslow's hierarchy of human needs

The hierarchy of needs is one of the best-known theories of motivation. Created by psychologist Abraham Maslow, the hierarchy is often displayed as a pyramid, with the most basic needs at the bottom and more complex needs at the peak.

The four lowest-level needs are what Maslow referred to as D-needs (or deficiency needs). These needs are due to a lack of something and need to be satisfied in order to avoid unpleasant feelings and to move on to higher level needs.

1. Physiological needs (basic issues of survival such as salary and stable employment )
2.       Security needs (stable physical and emotional environment issues such as benefits, pension, safe work environment and fair work practices)

Personal security, financial security, health and well-being, safety net against accidents, illness  and their adverse impacts

3.       Love and belongings(social acceptance issues such as friendship or cooperation on the job)

4.       Esteem needs (positive self-image and respect and recognition issues such as job titles ,nice work spaces, and

.       such as workplace prestigious job assignments)

5.       Self-Actualization needs( achievement issues autonomy

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

Basic physiological needs make up the base of the needs hierarchy. Photo Credit: YinYang / E+ / Getty Images

The basic physiological needs are probably fairly apparent – these include the things that are vital to our survival. Some examples of the physiological needs include:

• Food
• Water
• Breathing
• Home

Safety and security needs make up the second level of the hierarchy. Photo Credit: David Jakle / Image Source / Getty Images

As we move up to the second level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the requirements start to become a bit more complex. At this level, the needs for security and safety become primary. People want control and order in their lives, so this need for safety and security contributes largely to behaviors at this level.

Some of the basic security and safety needs include:

• Financial security
• Heath and wellness

• Safety against accidents 

Social Needs

Social needs make up the third level of the needs hierarchy. Photo Credit: Peathegee Inc / Blend Images / Getty Images

The social needs in Maslow’s hierarchy include such things as love, acceptance and belonging. At this level, the need for emotional relationships drives human behavior. Some of the things that satisfy this need include:

• Friendships
• Romantic attachments
• Family
• Social groups
• Community groups

Esteem Needs

Esteem needs make up the fourth level of the needs hierarchy. Photo Credit: Tom Merton / Caiaimage / Getty Images

At the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy is the need for appreciation and respect. When the needs at the bottom three levels have been satisfied, the esteem needs begin to play a more prominent role in motivating behavior.

Esteem needs make up the fourth level of the needs hierarchy. Photo Credit: Tom Merton / Caiaimage / Getty Images

At the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy is the need for appreciation and respect. When the needs at the bottom three levels have been satisfied, the esteem needs begin to play a more prominent role in motivating behavior.

Self-Actualization Needs

Self-actualizing needs are at the fifth level of the needs hierarchy. Photo Credit: Philip and Karen Smith / The Image Bank / Getty Images

At the very peak of Maslow’s hierarchy are the self-actualization needs. "What a man can be, he must be," Maslow explained, referring to the need people have to achieve their full potential as human beings.

According to Maslow’s definition of self-actualization:

"It may be loosely described as the full use and exploitation of talents, capabilities, potentialities, etc. Such people seem to be fulfilling themselves and to be doing the best that they are capable of doing... They are people who have developed or are developing to the full stature of which they capable.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION : Maslow's hierarchy of human needs 

 Is getting an A in the class more important than eating? If the person of your dreams  told you were marvelous , would you that motivate you to throw  yourself  in front of a car for the person's safety? According to the humanistic  theorist Abraham Maslow (1954-1971), our basis of needs must be satisfied before our higher needs can be. Maslows hierarchy of needs states that individual's main needs are satisfied in the following sequence : physiological safety, love and belongings , esteem and self actualization. According to  this hierarchy, people are motivated to satisfy their need for food first, and their need for safety must be satisfied before their need for love .  The idea that human motives are hierarchically arranged is an appealing one . Maslows theory  stimulates us to think about the ordering of motives in our own lives. However, the ordering of the needs is somewhat subjective.Some people might seek greatness in a career to achieve self esteem, while putting on hold their needs for love and belongings . 

SOURCE:http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/maslows-needs-hierarchy.htm

Motivation

By: Arnelyn S. Pactao-in

Introduction:

In psychology, we need to study motivation in order to know why a certain behavior occurs and why people behave the way they do.

Motivation comes from the Latin word motive which means to move.

In this part of the article we will learn all about the ; Motivation Cycle, Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow), and the Motivation Theories.

Every human behavior is caused by motivation. Motivation is the driving  force of the human behavior. In our surroundings, the way people think, feel, and act differently depends on how their behavior were influenced by the kind of motivation they posses.

 MOTIVATION CYCLE

As what other says, “Motivation has no end”. As long as the person breathes, he is always motivated. Even an abnormal person can also be motivated.  Motive starts with a need and stops with a goal. The accomplished goal is repeated that leads into another start that leads into a cycle, and this is what we call The Motivation Cycle.

Motivation starts with a felt of need. Because of drive, a response is made to reach the goal. Once the goal is reached , another need on the same need is repeated.

Motivation can be seen in our daily lives.

For best example;

 I being a college student, my goal was to finish my college degree, but it doesn’t stops there. After I finish my college degree, I will pursue to study a master s’ degree. But still, I won’t be satisfied enough of having a masters’ degree so, I will proceed to pursue a Doctorate degree. The same also with my classmates, they also wanted their goals satisfied them.

The Goal

The motivation is influential.

Another example:

For a boy that is very hungry, he will look for food for him to be satisfied. When he is satisfied with the food, he has already reached his goal. But when the boy again feels hungry, another need starts to finish a goal.

The Goal

TEORIES OF EMOTIONS

          THEORIES OF EMOTIONS AND ITS PRACTICAL

                                       APPLICATION

EMOTION is an affective stages of feelings accompanied by physiological changes that often influence  behavior. M

ost researchers agree that emotions can be classified along PLEASANTNESS and AROUSAL dimensions, although other dimensions such as control, anticipated effort  and attention may also seperate groups of emotion.(SMITH and ELLSWORTH,1987)                                    Taken together we can view emotion as a combination of affect and arousal that influence behavior.EMOTIONS have different theory, one of those theory is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

JAMES-LANGE THEORY;

According to this theory emotion is the result of perceiving arousal and behavior"Common sense that we lose our fortune are sorry and weep"..........(MY) hypothesis is that we feel sorry because we cry,angry because we strike,afraid because we tremble."(James 1890) 

     

CANNON -BARD THEORY ;States that event activate thalamus which in turn leads to simultaneous arousal of organs and experience of emotion.

                  

 SCHACHTER and SINGER THEORY;  unexplained arousal leads people to search their environment to find the label for arousal.The interpretation of arousal leads to a specific emotion.                                                                                                                                                  

  APPRAISAL THEORY;States that automatic evaluation of a situation as threatening or nonthreatening .APPRAISAL influences both arousal(emotion) and behavior(response).                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FACES OF DIFFERENT EMOTIONS

                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                            QOUTES  ABOUT EMOTION:                                                                                                                                                                     

        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  

PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN REAL 

LIFE:                                                       IF you were walking  and  you encounter a snake in your backyard your sympathetic nervous system would initiates physiological arousal making your heart rate and breathing rate increases accordingly, you would experience a feeling of fear only after physiological arousal had taken place.                                                                       www.boundless.com             

                                                                                                                                           IF  you were sitting in a bench in your school and suddenly you saw your BOY CRUSH approaching  and greeted  you with his very cute smile,Your HEART start racing, it is because of an adrenaline gland rush.BUT HOW IT WORKS? The brain send signal to adrenal gland which secretes hormones such as adrenaline, epinephrine and non epinephrine.They flow through the blood and cause the heart to beat faster and stronger.                                              

     

               "BEING IN LOVE"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         BIBLE VERSE ABOUT EMOTIONS:                        

                                                            

                                   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

 BLOGGER:JAYSON F. MIñOSA BSED 1c                                                      

Levels of consciousness and altered state of consciousness by ronelyn donguines

Consciousness has been defined as awareness of awareness. It has emerged as a field of psychology only in recent times though some of its concerns have their roots in religion, mysticism and occultism. The emergence of the study of consciousness in psychology reflects a change in the mentality of people. Today people are more troubled by existential problems than hysteric symptoms. People are asking questions about self-actualization and the possibility of growth instead of how to get rid of pathological symptoms. Consciousness is also becoming a new approach in psychology, a new way of looking at behavior, based on systems theory and the holistic method. The study of consciousness emphasizes certain areas like dreams, creativity and supernormal experiences. Consciousness has relevance for all science, as it is related to philosophical issues and the model of man. It is empirical, but open to descriptive, theoretical and insightful understanding. In the 21st century psychology may well be redefined as the study of consciousness and all psychology may be rewritten in that perspective. The study of consciousness may also serve to integrate many areas of psychology and other sciences.

LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

by : Sigmund  Freud

Austrian Psychiatrist Sigmund Freud had earlier developed the three levels of consciousness.  These are the conscious, pre-conscious and the unconscious.  He used this levels to better explain a person’s psyche or that which influences the way a person thinks, behaves and personality.

The conscious deals with everyday functions like our feelings, memories or fantasies at any particular moment.  The conscious is what we use when we are fully alert and aware of everything that is around us.

The pre-conscious exists as a middle ground between the unconscious and the conscious.  We have here our stored knowledge, past memories and other data that we can readily access and brought to our consciousness.

The unconscious is a place in our mind that we store shameful experiences, sexual desires, fears, violent motives, repressed memories and other dark thoughts.  According to Freud, access to the unconscious can be manifested through our dreams or slip of the tongue and other unintended impulsive behavior.

Sigmund Freud states that only 10% of our psyche is visible, that being the conscious, while the remaining 90%, the pre-conscious and unconscious hidden or submerged.  This is why, according to him, the mind disguises our hidden wants and desires as dreams because we are not fully aware of the levels of our consciousness.

Three Minds: Consciousness, Subconscious, and Unconscious

The consciousness mind is you awareness at the present moment. You are aware of something on the outside as well as some specific mental functions happening on the inside. For example, you are ware of your environment, your breathing, or the chair that you are sitting on.

The subconscious mind or the preconscious mind consists of accessible information. You can become aware of this information once your direct your attention to it. Think of this as memory recall. You walk down the street to your house without consciously needing to be alert to your surroundings. You can talk on the cell phone and still arrive home safely. You can easily bring to consciousness the subconscious information about the path to your home. You can also easily remember phone numbers that you frequently use.

It is possible that some of what might be perceived to be unconscious becomes subconscious, and then conscious (e.g. a long-forgotten childhood memory suddenly emerges after decades). We can assume that some unconscious memories need a strong, specific trigger to bring them to consciousness; whereas, a subconscious memory can be brought to consciousness more easily.

The unconscious mind, consisting of the primitive, instinctual wishes as well as the information that we cannot access. Although our behaviors might indicate the unconscious forces that drive them, we don’t have easy access to the information stored in the unconscious mind. During our childhood, we acquired countless memories and experiences that formed who we are today. However, we cannot recall most of those memories. They are unconscious forces (beliefs, patterns, subjective maps of reality) that drive our behaviors

ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

1. Waking and Sleeping
These two states which are so different are regularly experienced by everybody every day. Some people experience a pronounced hypnogogic state in between waking and sleeping and some people get vivid hallucinations during this state.











2. Dreaming
Dreaming involves a state which is physiologically and psychologically different from deep sleep. Lucid dream is a still different mode of functioning where the dreamer has the awareness that he is dreaming. This state is said to be conducive for gaining insight into and awareness of the unconscious and is a technique in mystic training.

3. Hypnosis

This state is characterized by increased suggestibility and surrender of one's will.









4. Pathological States
The hysteric trance and schizoid states have been studied as altered states of consciousness using the phenomenological approach.

5. Drug Induced States
The notion of altered states of consciousness evolved originally as a result of the study of subjects who were habituated to drugs like LSD. Aldous Huxley's `Doors of Perception' which he wrote on the basis of his experiences with Mescaline is one of the pioneering classics in this area. Many of the effects are due to physiological changes like hypoglycemia. Some of the positive experiences include remembering forgotten painful experiences, ego dissolution, seeing beauty and significance in trivial things, and increase in awareness
while those who do not trust get bad trips characterized by terror, panic and suicidal tendencies. Though there seem to be some similarities between drug induced states and aesthetic and mystic states, the similarities may only be superficial and the drug may be producing these effects by damaging the brain of a person who may not be ready or mature enough for a transformation of personality required for genuine mystic experiences. Therefore most authorities do not recommend the use of drugs for altering consciousness though some think that under expert supervision the drugs may play a useful role in efforts to alter states of consciousness. Drugs like ganja, traditionally used for mystic training produce memory disorders, decrement in complex psychomotor tasks, lethargy, lack of motivation and lowering of testosterone levels. Some develop psychosis.

Blogger: Ronelyn Donguines BSED1C